Example: Toggle Case Using ASCII Values in Java

// Toggle Case Using ASCII Values
public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // Step 1: Define the input string
        String inputString = "Programming IS Fun!";
        System.out.println("Original String: " + inputString);

        // Step 2: Initialize a StringBuilder
        StringBuilder toggledStringBuilder = new StringBuilder();

        // Step 3: Iterate through each character
        for (char ch : inputString.toCharArray()) {
            // Step 4: Check if the character is an English alphabet letter
            if ((ch >= 'a' && ch <= 'z') || (ch >= 'A' && ch <= 'Z')) {
                // Step 5: Toggle case using XOR with 32 (or 0x20)
                // 'A' (65) ^ 32 = 'a' (97)
                // 'a' (97) ^ 32 = 'A' (65)
                toggledStringBuilder.append((char) (ch ^ 32));
            }
            // Step 6: If not an alphabet, append as is
            else {
                toggledStringBuilder.append(ch);
            }
        }

        // Step 7: Print the result
        String toggledString = toggledStringBuilder.toString();
        System.out.println("Toggled String: " + toggledString);
    }
}