Example: Sort Array using Bubble Sort in Java

// Sort Array using Bubble Sort
public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // Step 1: Declare and initialize an unsorted integer array.
        int[] numbers = {5, 2, 8, 1, 9, 4};
        System.out.print("Original array: ");
        printArray(numbers);

        // Step 2: Implement Bubble Sort logic.
        // Outer loop for passes. A pass ensures at least one element bubbles to its correct place.
        for (int i = 0; i < numbers.length - 1; i++) {
            // Inner loop for comparisons and swaps within each pass.
            // (numbers.length - 1 - i) optimizes by not re-checking elements already at their final position.
            for (int j = 0; j < numbers.length - 1 - i; j++) {
                // Compare adjacent elements
                if (numbers[j] > numbers[j + 1]) {
                    // Swap if the element found is greater than the next element
                    int temp = numbers[j];
                    numbers[j] = numbers[j + 1];
                    numbers[j + 1] = temp;
                }
            }
        }

        // Step 3: Print the sorted array.
        System.out.print("Sorted array (Bubble Sort): ");
        printArray(numbers);
    }

    // Helper method to print the array elements
    public static void printArray(int[] arr) {
        for (int i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
            System.out.print(arr[i] + (i < arr.length - 1 ? ", " : ""));
        }
        System.out.println();
    }
}