Example: Decimal to Octal Conversion in Java

// Decimal to Octal Conversion
import java.util.Scanner;

// Main class containing the entry point of the program
public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // Step 1: Initialize Scanner for user input
        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);

        // Step 2: Prompt user for a decimal number
        System.out.print("Enter a decimal number: ");
        int decimalNumber = scanner.nextInt();

        // Step 3: Handle the special case of 0
        if (decimalNumber == 0) {
            System.out.println("Octal equivalent: 0");
            scanner.close();
            return;
        }

        // Step 4: Initialize variables for octal conversion
        int octalNumber = 0;
        int i = 1; // Multiplier for placing remainders in correct position

        // Step 5: Perform conversion using a while loop
        int tempDecimal = decimalNumber; // Use a temporary variable for calculation
        while (tempDecimal != 0) {
            int remainder = tempDecimal % 8; // Get the remainder
            octalNumber = octalNumber + remainder * i; // Add remainder to octal number
            tempDecimal = tempDecimal / 8; // Divide the number by 8
            i = i * 10; // Increase multiplier for next digit
        }

        // Step 6: Print the result
        System.out.println("The decimal number " + decimalNumber + " in octal is: " + octalNumber);

        // Step 7: Close the scanner
        scanner.close();
    }
}