Example: Count Vowels and Consonants - Basic Iteration in Java

// Count Vowels and Consonants - Basic Iteration
import java.util.Scanner;

// Main class containing the entry point of the program
public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // Step 1: Initialize Scanner and get input string
        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
        System.out.print("Enter a string: ");
        String inputString = scanner.nextLine();
        scanner.close();

        // Step 2: Initialize counters
        int vowelCount = 0;
        int consonantCount = 0;

        // Step 3: Iterate through each character of the string
        for (int i = 0; i < inputString.length(); i++) {
            char ch = inputString.charAt(i);

            // Step 4: Convert character to lowercase for case-insensitive comparison
            char lowerCh = Character.toLowerCase(ch);

            // Step 5: Check if the character is an alphabet
            if (Character.isLetter(lowerCh)) {
                // Step 6: Check if it's a vowel
                if (lowerCh == 'a' || lowerCh == 'e' || lowerCh == 'i' || lowerCh == 'o' || lowerCh == 'u') {
                    vowelCount++;
                } else {
                    // Step 7: If not a vowel but an alphabet, it's a consonant
                    consonantCount++;
                }
            }
        }

        // Step 8: Print the results
        System.out.println("Vowels: " + vowelCount);
        System.out.println("Consonants: " + consonantCount);
    }
}