Example: Regional Taxation with Struct/Class in C++

// Regional Taxation with Struct/Class
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <map>
#include <iomanip> // For std::fixed and std::setprecision

// Define a struct to hold detailed tax policy for a region
struct TaxPolicy {
    std::string name;
    double baseRate;
    double luxuryTaxRate; // Example of a more complex policy element
    double minimumTaxableAmount;

    // Constructor for convenience
    TaxPolicy(std::string n, double br, double ltr, double mta)
        : name(n), baseRate(br), luxuryTaxRate(ltr), minimumTaxableAmount(mta) {}

    // Method to calculate total tax based on this policy
    double calculateTotalTax(double amount) const {
        double tax = 0.0;
        if (amount > minimumTaxableAmount) {
            tax += (amount - minimumTaxableAmount) * baseRate;
            if (amount > 500.0) { // Example: additional luxury tax for high amounts
                tax += amount * luxuryTaxRate;
            }
        }
        return tax;
    }
};

// Map to store TaxPolicy objects by region name
std::map<std::string, TaxPolicy> regionalPolicies;

void initializeComplexPolicies() {
    regionalPolicies.emplace("StateA", TaxPolicy("StateA", 0.06, 0.02, 10.0)); // 6% base, 2% luxury, $10 min
    regionalPolicies.emplace("StateB", TaxPolicy("StateB", 0.075, 0.01, 0.0));  // 7.5% base, 1% luxury, $0 min
    regionalPolicies.emplace("StateC", TaxPolicy("StateC", 0.05, 0.00, 50.0)); // 5% base, no luxury, $50 min
}

double calculateComplexTax(double amount, const std::string& region) {
    if (regionalPolicies.count(region)) {
        return regionalPolicies.at(region).calculateTotalTax(amount);
    } else {
        std::cout << "Warning: Complex policy for region '" << region << "' not found. Applying default (0%) tax." << std::endl;
        return 0.0;
    }
}

int main() {
    // Step 1: Initialize the complex tax policies
    initializeComplexPolicies();

    double itemAmount1 = 150.0;
    double itemAmount2 = 600.0;
    double itemAmount3 = 5.0; // Below minimum taxable amount for StateA

    // Step 2: Calculate tax for StateA
    std::string region1 = "StateA";
    double tax1 = calculateComplexTax(itemAmount1, region1);
    double totalCost1 = itemAmount1 + tax1;
    std::cout << std::fixed << std::setprecision(2);
    std::cout << "Item: $" << itemAmount1 << ", Region: " << region1 << ", Tax: $" << tax1 << ", Total: $" << totalCost1 << std::endl;

    // Step 3: Calculate tax for StateB (high amount triggering luxury tax)
    std::string region2 = "StateB";
    double tax2 = calculateComplexTax(itemAmount2, region2);
    double totalCost2 = itemAmount2 + tax2;
    std::cout << "Item: $" << itemAmount2 << ", Region: " << region2 << ", Tax: $" << tax2 << ", Total: $" << totalCost2 << std::endl;

    // Step 4: Calculate tax for StateA (below minimum taxable amount)
    std::string region3 = "StateA";
    double tax3 = calculateComplexTax(itemAmount3, region3);
    double totalCost3 = itemAmount3 + tax3;
    std::cout << "Item: $" << itemAmount3 << ", Region: " << region3 << ", Tax: $" << tax3 << ", Total: $" << totalCost3 << std::endl;

    // Step 5: Calculate tax for an unknown region
    std::string region4 = "NonExistent";
    double tax4 = calculateComplexTax(itemAmount1, region4);
    double totalCost4 = itemAmount1 + tax4;
    std::cout << "Item: $" << itemAmount1 << ", Region: " << region4 << ", Tax: $" << tax4 << ", Total: $" << totalCost4 << std::endl;

    return 0;
}