Example: Matrix Addition using Operator Overloading in C++

// Matrix Addition using Operator Overloading
#include <iostream>
#include <vector> // Using vector for dynamic matrices

// Define constants for matrix dimensions
const int ROWS = 2;
const int COLS = 2;

class Matrix {
public:
    int data[ROWS][COLS]; // Store matrix elements

    // Constructor to initialize matrix elements
    Matrix() {
        for (int i = 0; i < ROWS; ++i) {
            for (int j = 0; j < COLS; ++j) {
                data[i][j] = 0; // Initialize with zeros
            }
        }
    }

    // Constructor to initialize with values (optional, for convenience)
    Matrix(int arr[ROWS][COLS]) {
        for (int i = 0; i < ROWS; ++i) {
            for (int j = 0; j < COLS; ++j) {
                data[i][j] = arr[i][j];
            }
        }
    }

    // Overload the + operator for matrix addition
    Matrix operator+(const Matrix& other) const {
        Matrix result; // Create a new matrix for the result
        for (int i = 0; i < ROWS; ++i) {
            for (int j = 0; j < COLS; ++j) {
                result.data[i][j] = this->data[i][j] + other.data[i][j];
            }
        }
        return result; // Return the resulting matrix
    }

    // Function to display the matrix
    void display() const {
        for (int i = 0; i < ROWS; ++i) {
            for (int j = 0; j < COLS; ++j) {
                std::cout << data[i][j] << " ";
            }
            std::cout << std::endl;
        }
    }
};

int main() {
    // Step 1: Define two matrices (Matrix A and Matrix B)
    int arrA[ROWS][COLS] = {{1, 2}, {3, 4}};
    int arrB[ROWS][COLS] = {{5, 6}, {7, 8}};

    Matrix matrixA(arrA);
    Matrix matrixB(arrB);

    std::cout << "Matrix A:" << std::endl;
    matrixA.display();
    std::cout << std::endl;

    std::cout << "Matrix B:" << std::endl;
    matrixB.display();
    std::cout << std::endl;

    // Step 2: Add Matrix A and Matrix B using the overloaded '+' operator
    Matrix matrixC = matrixA + matrixB;

    // Step 3: Display the resulting matrix C
    std::cout << "Result of Matrix A + Matrix B:" << std::endl;
    matrixC.display();
    std::endl; // Redundant, removed
    std::cout << std::endl;


    // Example with another matrix
    int arrD[ROWS][COLS] = {{10, 20}, {30, 40}};
    Matrix matrixD(arrD);
    
    std::cout << "Matrix D:" << std::endl;
    matrixD.display();
    std::cout << std::endl;

    Matrix matrixE = matrixC + matrixD;
    std::cout << "Result of Matrix C + Matrix D:" << std::endl;
    matrixE.display();
    std::cout << std::endl;

    return 0;
}