Example: Area Calculator with Function Overloading in C++

// Area Calculator with Function Overloading
    #include <iostream>
    #include <cmath> // Required for M_PI on some systems, or define PI manually
    
    // Define PI constant
    const double PI = 3.14159265358979323846;
    
    // Function to calculate the area of a circle
    // Takes one double argument (radius)
    double area(double radius) {
        return PI * radius * radius;
    }
    
    // Function to calculate the area of a rectangle
    // Takes two double arguments (length, width)
    double area(double length, double width) {
        return length * width;
    }
    
    // Function to calculate the area of a triangle
    // Takes two double arguments (base, height)
    double area(double base, double height) {
        return 0.5 * base * height;
    }
    
    int main() {
        // Step 1: Calculate and display the area of a circle
        double circleRadius = 5.0;
        double circleArea = area(circleRadius); // Calls area(double)
        std::cout << "Area of Circle with radius " << circleRadius << ": " << circleArea << std::endl;
    
        // Step 2: Calculate and display the area of a rectangle
        double rectLength = 10.0;
        double rectWidth = 5.0;
        double rectangleArea = area(rectLength, rectWidth); // Calls area(double, double) for rectangle
        std::cout << "Area of Rectangle with length " << rectLength << " and width " << rectWidth << ": " << rectangleArea << std::endl;
    
        // Step 3: Calculate and display the area of a triangle
        double triBase = 10.0;
        double triHeight = 5.0;
        double triangleArea = area(triBase, triHeight); // Calls area(double, double) for triangle
        std::cout << "Area of Triangle with base " << triBase << " and height " << triHeight << ": " << triangleArea << std::endl;
    
        return 0;
    }