Example: Print Matrix in Spiral Form in C

// Print Matrix in Spiral Form
#include <stdio.h>

void printMatrixInSpiral(int rows, int cols, int matrix[rows][cols]) {
    int top = 0;        // Top row index
    int bottom = rows - 1; // Bottom row index
    int left = 0;       // Left column index
    int right = cols - 1; // Right column index

    // Loop until all elements are processed
    while (top <= bottom && left <= right) {
        // Step 1: Print the top row from left to right
        for (int i = left; i <= right; i++) {
            printf("%d ", matrix[top][i]);
        }
        top++; // Move top boundary down

        // Step 2: Print the rightmost column from top to bottom
        for (int i = top; i <= bottom; i++) {
            printf("%d ", matrix[i][right]);
        }
        right--; // Move right boundary left

        // Step 3: Print the bottom row from right to left, if bottom boundary is still valid
        if (top <= bottom) { // Check needed for single row or already processed row
            for (int i = right; i >= left; i--) {
                printf("%d ", matrix[bottom][i]);
            }
            bottom--; // Move bottom boundary up
        }

        // Step 4: Print the leftmost column from bottom to top, if left boundary is still valid
        if (left <= right) { // Check needed for single column or already processed column
            for (int i = bottom; i >= top; i--) {
                printf("%d ", matrix[i][left]);
            }
            left++; // Move left boundary right
        }
    }
    printf("\n"); // Newline after printing
}

int main() {
    // Example 1: 3x4 Matrix
    int matrix1[3][4] = {
        {1, 2, 3, 4},
        {5, 6, 7, 8},
        {9, 10, 11, 12}
    };
    printf("Matrix 1 (3x4) in spiral form: ");
    printMatrixInSpiral(3, 4, matrix1);

    // Example 2: 4x4 Matrix
    int matrix2[4][4] = {
        {1, 2, 3, 4},
        {5, 6, 7, 8},
        {9, 10, 11, 12},
        {13, 14, 15, 16}
    };
    printf("Matrix 2 (4x4) in spiral form: ");
    printMatrixInSpiral(4, 4, matrix2);

    // Example 3: Single row matrix
    int matrix3[1][5] = {
        {10, 20, 30, 40, 50}
    };
    printf("Matrix 3 (1x5) in spiral form: ");
    printMatrixInSpiral(1, 5, matrix3);

    // Example 4: Single column matrix
    int matrix4[5][1] = {
        {10}, {20}, {30}, {40}, {50}
    };
    printf("Matrix 4 (5x1) in spiral form: ");
    printMatrixInSpiral(5, 1, matrix4);

    return 0;
}