Example: Matrix Transpose using Functions in C

// Matrix Transpose using Functions
#include <stdio.h>

// Function to read elements of a matrix
void readMatrix(int rows, int cols, int matrix[rows][cols]) {
    printf("Enter elements of the matrix (%d x %d):\n", rows, cols);
    for (int i = 0; i < rows; i++) {
        for (int j = 0; j < cols; j++) {
            printf("Enter element [%d][%d]: ", i, j);
            scanf("%d", &matrix[i][j]);
        }
    }
}

// Function to print a matrix
void printMatrix(int rows, int cols, int matrix[rows][cols]) {
    for (int i = 0; i < rows; i++) {
        for (int j = 0; j < cols; j++) {
            printf("%d\t", matrix[i][j]);
        }
        printf("\n");
    }
}

// Function to find the transpose of a matrix
void transposeMatrix(int rows, int cols, int originalMatrix[rows][cols], int transposedMatrix[cols][rows]) {
    for (int i = 0; i < rows; i++) {
        for (int j = 0; j < cols; j++) {
            transposedMatrix[j][i] = originalMatrix[i][j];
        }
    }
}

int main() {
    int rows, cols;

    // Step 1: Get matrix dimensions from the user
    printf("Enter the number of rows for the matrix: ");
    scanf("%d", &rows);
    printf("Enter the number of columns for the matrix: ");
    scanf("%d", &cols);

    // Step 2: Declare original and transposed matrices using Variable Length Arrays (VLAs)
    // VLAs are a C99 feature; for older C standards, dynamic allocation or fixed size arrays are needed.
    int originalMatrix[rows][cols];
    int transposedMatrix[cols][rows]; // Transposed matrix will have cols rows and rows cols

    // Step 3: Read elements into the original matrix using a function
    readMatrix(rows, cols, originalMatrix);

    // Step 4: Print the original matrix using a function
    printf("\nOriginal Matrix:\n");
    printMatrix(rows, cols, originalMatrix);

    // Step 5: Compute the transpose using a function
    transposeMatrix(rows, cols, originalMatrix, transposedMatrix);

    // Step 6: Print the transposed matrix using a function
    printf("\nTransposed Matrix:\n");
    printMatrix(cols, rows, transposedMatrix); // Note: dimensions are swapped for printing

    return 0;
}